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- | ====== Capturing a NOAA Satellite Image ====== | + | ====== A photo image taken from NOAA series satellites ====== |
- | ===== Introducing NOAA Series Satellites ===== | + | ===== Learning the operation principle of NOAA series satellites ===== |
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- | NOAA satellites are USAAAAAAA spacecraft. They are launched into polar solar-synchronous circular orbits about 850 km high. | + | The NOAA series of satellites represent U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) spacecraft units. They are launched into polar sun-synchronous circular orbits at the altitude of about 850 km. |
- | NOAA-15 launched May 13, 1998 in the morning orbit | + | NOAA-15 was launched on May 13, 1998 into the morning orbit |
- | NOAA-18 launched on May 20, 2005 in the afternoon orbit | + | NOAA-18 was launched on May 20, 2005 into the afternoon orbit |
- | NOAA-19 launched February 6, 2009 in the afternoon orbit | + | NOAA-19 was launched on February 6, 2009 into the afternoon orbit |
+ | |||
+ | A sun-synchronous orbit is an orbit in which a satellite passes over any point on the Earth's surface at approximately same local solar time. In order to achieve desired characteristics, necessary orbit parameters are chosen in a way when the orbit precesses eastward by 360 degrees per year (approximately 1 degree per day), compensating for the Earth's rotation around the Sun. | ||
- | A sun-synchronous orbit is an orbit in which a satellite passes over any point on the earth’s surface at approximately the same local solar time. To achieve such characteristics, the parameters of the orbit are selected so that the orbit precesses eastward by 360 degrees per year (approximately 1 degree per day), compensating for the Earth's rotation around the Sun. | ||
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- | The circulation period is about 101 minutes. The orbital inclination is 98 degrees, so the satellites have a good view of the polar regions. | + | The orbital period is equal to about 101 minutes. The orbital inclination is 98 degrees, in such a way satellites are provided with a good view of the polar regions. NOAA satellites are manufactured by Lockheed Martin Corporation, the applied satellite platform type is TIROS-N. |
- | NOAA satellite manufacturer is Lockheed Martin Corporation, a type of TIROS-N satellite platform. The following measuring instruments are installed on board: | + | |
- | High resolution radiometer AVHRR / 3 6 channels visible and near infrared; | + | The following measurement instruments are provided on board: AVHRR/3 6 channel - visible and near infrared bands; |
{{:05image005.png?200|}} | {{:05image005.png?200|}} | ||
- | HIRS / 3 infrared meter 20 channels of visible and IR ranges; | + | High resolution HIRS/3 Infrared Meter 20 channels - visible and infrared bands |
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- | AMSU-A microwave probe 15 channels of an infrared range; | + | AMSU-A microwave probe 15 channels - IR range; |
{{:05image007.png?200|}} | {{:05image007.png?200|}} | ||
- | AMSU-B microwave probe 5 channels of an infrared range; | + | AMSU-B microwave probe 5 channels - IR range; |
{{:05image008.png?200|}} | {{:05image008.png?200|}} | ||
- | All these tools work in different parts of the infrared range and allow you to receive a large amount of information. NOAA satellites collect global data on cloud cover, surface conditions such as ice, snow and vegetation, atmospheric temperature, moisture distribution, aerosols and ozone. | + | All stated instruments operate in different parts of the infrared range and provide the required wealth of information. NOAA satellites collect global data on cloud covering, information on such surface conditions as ice, snow and vegetation, atmospheric temperature, distribution of moisture, aerosols and ozone. |
- | Also, satellites are equipped with special devices that facilitate the search and rescue of those in distress. This is part of the COSPAS-SARSAT system, which is designed to detect and locate emergency radar transmitters, emergency beacons with location and personal radio beacons operating at 121.5, 243 and 406.05 MHz. | + | |
- | ===== Receiving images from NOAA satellites. ===== | + | The satellites are also equipped with special instruments facilitating search and rescue of people in distress. They form a part of the COSPAS-SARSAT system, which is designed to detect and locate emergency radar transmitters, emergency locator beacons and personal locator beacons operating at the frequencies of 121.5, 243 and 406.05 MHz. |
- | The following software is used to receive images from NOAA satellites: | + | ===== Photos taken from NOAA series satellites. ===== |
- | • SDR # for receiving a radio signal; | + | |
- | • Orbitron for tracking satellites and taking into account the Doppler effect; | + | The following software is used to acquire photos from NOAA series satellites: |
- | • WXtoimg for decrypting images. | + | |
- | Launch SDR # and select the type of radio: RTL-SDR connected via USB. | + | * SDR# for radio receipt; |
+ | * Orbitron for satellite tracking and Doppler effect accounting; | ||
+ | * WXtoimg for image decoding. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Launch the SDR# software and select the radio receiver type: RTL-SDR connected via USB. | ||
{{:05image009.png?200|}} | {{:05image009.png?200|}} | ||
- | In the Radio section, set the switch to WFM mode and set the Bandwidth to 34000. Check that the "Shift" checkbox is unchecked. | + | Set the switch to the WFM mode and set the bandwidth to 34000 in the "Radio" section. Make sure the "Shift" checkbox is unchecked. |
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- | Next, you need to increase the signal gain. To do this, click on the gear. | + | Further you need to increase signal amplification parameters. To do this, click on the gear icon. |
{{:05image011.png?200|}} | {{:05image011.png?200|}} | ||
- | Move the slider so that the noise level rises by about 10dB. | + | Move the slider so that the noise level is increased by about 10 dB. |
- | {{:lesson01_32.png?400|}} | + | {{:en:image_41.png?400|}} |
- | The signal from the NOAA series satellite looks something like this. | + | The signal from a NOAA series satellite has the following form. |
{{:image020.png?100|}} | {{:image020.png?100|}} | ||
- | In the Tracking DDE Client section, when Orbitron is connected correctly, information about the monitored satellites will appear. | + | Information about tracked satellites will appear in the field “Tracking DDE Client”, if Orbitron has been connected properly. |
{{:05image017.png?200|}} | {{:05image017.png?200|}} | ||
- | + | Launch Orbitron and update TLE firstly. Click the button with a tools indication. | |
- | Launch Orbitron and update TLE first. Click on the tool button. | + | |
+ | {{:en:image_43.png?500|}} | ||
- | {{:05image018.png?600|}} | + | Click on the lightning button to update TLE. |
+ | {{:en:image_41_.png?500|}} | ||
- | Press the zipper button to update the TLE. | + | Select the file containing information about the weather satellites. Click on the “Load TLE” button. |
- | {{:05image019.png?600|}} | + | {{:en:image_26.png?150|}} |
- | + | ||
- | Then select the weather satellite information file. | + | |
- | Click the Download TLE button. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{:05image021.png?150|}} | + | |
Download the weather.txt list | Download the weather.txt list | ||
- | {{:05image022.png?400|}} | + | {{:en:orbitron_2.png?400|}} |
- | In the side list on the right, only weather satellites will appear. Choose Meteor-M2, NOAA15, NOAA18, NOAA19. | + | Only weather satellites will show up in the side list on the right. Select Meteor-M2, NOAA15, NOAA18, NOAA19. |
{{:05image023.png?150|}} | {{:05image023.png?150|}} | ||
- | The selected satellites will be shown in the main program window. | + | All selected satellites will be shown in the main software window. |
{{:05image024.png?600|}} | {{:05image024.png?600|}} | ||
- | Then go to the Calculation tab and click on the Calculation button. | + | Proceed to the “Calculation” tab and click the “Calculation” button. |
- | {{:05image025.png?600|}} | + | {{:en:image_30.png?500|}} |
- | The satellite will automatically calculate the flight time of the satellites. Go to the Rotor / Radio tab and make sure the tracking button is pressed. | + | The satellites' overflight times will be calculated automatically. Go to the "Rotor/Radio" tab and make sure the tracking button is pressed. |
- | + | ||
- | {{:05image026.png?600|}} | + | |
- | In the window with the receive frequency (Dnlink / MHz) the following correct frequencies should be set: | + | {{:05image026.png?500|}} |
- | NOAA 15 - 137.62 MHz; | + | The following correct frequencies must be set in the window with the reception frequency (Dnlink / MHz). |
- | NOAA 18 - 137.91 MHz; | + | * NOAA 15 - 137.62 MHz; |
+ | * NOAA 18 - 137.91 MHz; | ||
+ | * NOAA 19 - 137.10 MHz; | ||
- | NOAA 19 - 137.10 MHz. | + | Launch WXtoimg and make sure the signal source has been set up correctly. |
- | Launch WXtoimg and verify that the signal source is configured correctly. | ||
{{:05image027.png?200|}} | {{:05image027.png?200|}} | ||
- | Select virtual CABLE Output. | + | Select the virtual CABLE Output. |
- | {{:05image028.png?400|}} | + | {{:en:cable_output_2.png?400|}} |
- | Start recording. | + | Begin recording. |
{{:05image029.png?200|}} | {{:05image029.png?200|}} | ||
- | To receive signals, turn on Auto Record. | + | Turn on the “Auto record” function to receive signals. |
{{:05image030.png?400|}} | {{:05image030.png?400|}} | ||
- | Now, when any NOAA satellite appears higher than 10 degrees above the horizon, the recording of the transmitted image will automatically start. | + | From this moment, whenever any NOAA satellite appears to be higher than 10 degrees above the horizon, the software will automatically begin recording of the transmitted image. |
{{:05image031.png?400|}} | {{:05image031.png?400|}} | ||
- | Make sure that the signal level in the lower right corner is green, if not, increase the sound volume in SDR #. | + | Make sure the signal strength, provided in the lower right corner, is green, if not - turn up the audio volume in the SDR# software. |
{{:05image032.png?100|}} | {{:05image032.png?100|}} | ||
- | With a good signal level from below, the resulting image will begin to appear line by line. Left in the visible range, and right in the infrared. | + | If the signal strength is good, then the resulting image will begin to appear in rows below. The visible range is indicated on the left and the infrared one - on the right. |
{{:05image033.png?800|}} | {{:05image033.png?800|}} | ||
- | Wait for the transfer to end, and stop recording. | + | Wait for the end of the transmission, and stop recording. |
- | Switch to different information display modes and analyze the resulting images. | + | Switch to different display modes and analyze the resulting images. |
{{:05image035.png?300|}} | {{:05image035.png?300|}} | ||
- | Compare the image with the image taken earlier, and see how the situation in the atmosphere has changed. | + | Compare the provided image with the image taken earlier and check in what way the atmospheric situation has changed. |
{{:05image036.png?400|}} | {{:05image036.png?400|}} | ||